The senate has passed an amendment to the Electoral Act, 2026, seeking to provide definitive jurisdiction for pre-election matters and eliminate conflicting court rulings arising from candidate nomination disputes.
The bill, sponsored by Simon Lalong, senator representing Plateau south, and chairman of the senate committee on electoral matters, scaled second and third readings on Thursday.
The legislation seeks to curb “forum shopping”, a practice where litigants file cases in multiple courts across different states to obtain favourable rulings on the same internal party disputes.
The amendment designates specific courts to handle pre-election matters in a bid to prevent contradictory judgments from courts of coordinate jurisdiction.
It also seeks to streamline the resolution of disputes arising from party primaries and ensure that the legal status of candidates is settled before general election.
Lawmakers said the amendment would reinforce timelines for the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) to finalise candidate lists and create greater stability for election planning.
The amendment marks the first major adjustment to the Electoral Act, 2026 signed into law by President Bola Tinubu on February 18.
While the 2026 Act focuses on the statutory integration of the bimodal voter accreditation system (BVAS) and electronic transmission of results, senators said judicial ambiguities surrounding pre-election suits required urgent clarification.
Leading debate on the bill, Lalong said democracy depended not only on elections but also on the credibility and predictability of the legal framework preceding them.
“Democracy thrives not merely on the conduct of elections, but also on the credibility, certainty, and predictability of the legal process that precedes the post-election,” he said.
“The discrepancy of candidates and the integrity of party primaries are foundational pillars of representative democracy.
“Where the legal framework regulating the pre-election dispute is uncertain or conflicting, the entire electoral architecture becomes vulnerable to confusion, forum shopping, contradictory judgments, and unnecessary delays.”
The senator said the bill proposes amendments to section 29 of the Electoral Act and introduces a new section 29A to clearly define jurisdictional competence in pre-election matters.
He said the amendment to section 29(5) would allow aspirants to institute actions either in the federal capital territory or in the jurisdiction where the cause of action arose.
“This amendment is both practical and equitable,” he said.
“It reduces hardship on litigants, improves access to justice and aligns electoral adjudication with territorial realities surrounding political primaries and nomination processes.”
Lalong said the proposed section 29A would establish a jurisdictional framework under which pre-election matters relating to national assembly, governorship and state assembly elections would originate at the federal high court, with appeals going to the court of appeal.
He added that disputes relating to presidential and vice-presidential elections would originate at the court of appeal, with appeals proceeding directly to the supreme court.
“Mr. President, this proposal is not arbitrary,” he said.
“It is rooted firmly in constitutional logic, judicial efficiency, and the drafting of hierarchy of courts.”
Lalong said the bill would also eliminate the “dangerous practice” of litigants filing multiple suits in different judicial divisions in search of favourable orders.
“Such practices erode public confidence in the judiciary and undermine electoral stability,” he said.
“By expressly providing that no court shall entertain pre-election matters except in accordance with the proposed section 29A, this amendment introduces certainty and procedural discipline into electoral adjudication.”
